VITAMIN HISTORY

History

Vitamin is a compound that has long been known to human civilization. As early as thousands of years ago, humans have known vitamins as one of the compounds that may provide health effects to the body. Along with the development of the times and science, things and more in-depth search of the vitamin was also updated. An outline of the history of vitamins can be divided into 5 important era. [6] In every era, there was a major advance toward this vitamin compounds that result from advances in technology and science.

Empirical healing era

The first era began in the years around 1500-1570 BC. [6] At that time, many medical experts of various nationalities, such as the Egyptian, Chinese, Japanese, Greek, Roman, Persian, and Arabic, has been using the extract compounds (suspected vitamin) of the liver which is then used to cure myopia at night. The disease is then known to be caused by a deficiency of vitamin A. [2] Although in the past the liver extract is widely used, medical experts are still unable to identify compounds that can cure the disease myopia. Therefore, this era is known as the era of healing empirical (based on experience). [7] 

Christiaan Eijkman, one of the key figures in the history of the discovery of vitamins. 

Era characterization deficiency

The next major developments regarding new vitamin re-emerged in the 1890s. [7] This discovery initiated by Lunin and Christiaan Eijkman who conduct research on deficiency diseases in animals. This invention then start the second era of five outline the history of the vitamin in the world. [6] Their research focused on the observation of disease caused by deficiency of a particular compound. A few years later, Sir Frederick G. Hopkins scientists who are conducting the analysis beriberi in animals found that this is caused by a deficiency of a compound growth factor (growth factors). [8] In 1911, an American-born scientist named Dr.. Casimir Funk managed to isolate a compound that has been shown to prevent inflammation of nerves (neuritis) for the first time. [9] Dr. Casimir also managed to isolate the active compounds of rice husk which is believed to have activity antiberi-beri in the next year. At that time (and for the first time), Dr. Funk publish the findings of the active compound with the term vitamine (vital amines). Giving the name of amines on this vitamin compound for allegedly all types of these active compounds have amine groups (amine). It is then immediately refuted and changed into vitamin (with removal of the suffix letter "e") in 1920. [10] 

The golden age

The third era of vitamins history occurred the next few decades. [7] At that time, there were many great discoveries about vitamin itself, covering the discovery of new types of vitamins, which diperbahurui screening method, a complete depiction of the structure of vitamins, and vitamin B12 synthesis. Because it is exactly, the third era of the outline of the history of this vitamin is known as the golden age (golden age). [7] Many research institute, who received the Nobel Prize for his discovery in the field of this vitamin. Sir Walter N. Hawort get a Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery of vitamin C in 1937. Gifts other nobel obtained by Carl Peter Henrik Dam in Physiology - Medicine in 1943 for his discovery of vitamin K. [11] Fritz A Litmann also helped win the nobel for his dedication in the field of research on the discovery of coenzyme A and its role in the metabolism of the body. [11] 

Thaddeus Reichstein, a chemist who managed to produce vitamin C in bulk for the first time in history. 

Era characterization and production functions 

The fourth era marked by numerous discoveries about the biochemical function of vitamins in the body, its role in the food we eat everyday, and commercial production of vitamins for the first time in history. [7] In the 1930s, researchers found that vitamin B2 is part of the "yellow enzyme". Vitamin B2 is itself derived from yeast extract. [12] Through this study, vitamin B group known as coenzyme important role in the human body. Mass production of vitamins for the first time also occurred in this era. Thaddeus was first commercialized by Reichstein in 1933, Vitamin C has been sold to the general public at a price that is relatively inexpensive making it affordable for the general public. [13] Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is then widely used as a dietary supplement, research, and nutritional supplements for livestock. The results of this discovery, Thaddeus Reichstein get Nobel in Physiology - Medicine in 1950. [14] 

The era of the discovery of vitamin health value

In just one decade following the fourth vitamins era, the development of science has brought vitamins Keera next, ie fifth era where many found the health value of each type of vitamin and new discoveries about the biochemical function of vitamins for the body. [7] This period begins in 1955 when Rudolf Altschul discovered that niacin (vitamin B3) can lower cholesterol levels in the blood. [15] the role of the health care regardless of the effect of vitamin B3 deficiency itself and its role as a coenzyme in the metabolism of the body. [16]